Elements of an effective Leader Ulysses Grant Research Paper

Elements of an effective Leader Ulysses Grant - Research Paper Example Such is the focus of this essay. The man: Ulysses Grant Until today, scholars do not totally agree how Grant should be viewed as a leader. Though, he was esteemed a great Civil War hero and a great military commander, too; some would also say he was a butcher. Though many would say he was a major failure as a president; today some scholars are reconsidering such view, saying: â€Å"†¦ Grant was a good president; certainly a strong one† (Skidmore, 2008, p. 221). Perhaps, these opposing views could be attributed to the complex character of the man whose life was lived in the most challenging times of US history. Good thing though, scholars at least agree on five things about Grant. First, Hiram Ulysses Simpson Grant, the eldest among the six children (3 boys and 3 girls) of Jesse Root Grant and Hannah Simpson (Taylor, 2006, p. D05), is no extra-ordinary lad with an extra-ordinary life lived during challenging times. Aside from his unmatched excellence in horsemanship â€⠀œ â€Å"a skill that served him well in the Civil War, when he remained eighteen hours a day and more in the saddle without tiring, a feat that astonished his staff† (Goode, 1999, p. ... (McDowell, 2004, p. B06) His life is evidently a history of success and failure. Admirably though, in success, in failure, and even in death, Grant had consistently faced life’s challenges calmly. Second, Grant is a complex man (Bartholomees, 2002, p. 133) filled with great contradictions. Drain, the executive producer of American Experience describes him as a man hailed from an educated family, yet a school bum; a man who hates violence and the sight of blood, yet had been a brutal commander (cited in Lasner, 2002, p. 20). A man devoid of any qualities of greatness yet had saved and united this nation. A man of constant failure yet in his not so distinct previous military career had earned President Lincoln’s trust and confidence against the opposition of many, had been able to tame and discipline the seemingly hopeless rowdy Illinois regimen, and had defeated Robert E. Lee’s forces, victoriously ending the bloody Southern rebellion (Goode, 1999, p. 330; Lasner, 2002, p. 20). An honest man yet his administration were best known for many scandals involving his own people – his secretary of war (William Belknap) and private secretary (Gen. Orville Babcock). Among the major scandals that smeared his term were the Black Friday (September 24, 1869), Whiskey Ring (1875), and Belknap Bribery (1876). (Toppin, 2002, pp. 244-246) Also, a child of the frontier, a drunkard and a stern military commander, yet rarely swears using only the oath ‘doggone it’ and acts with ‘girlish modesty’. According to him, â€Å"no one had seen him naked since he was a boy.† (Goode, 1999, p.330) Third, Grant was a happy family man finding contentment and solace in the company of his wife, Julia Dent, and four

Small and Medium Enterprises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Small and Medium Enterprises - Essay Example The economic downturn brought about financial difficulties in SMEs and at the same time, lenders could not guarantee access to additional funds. Some of the SMEs were forced to shut due to financial difficulties and bankruptcy. The level of investments in SMEs also declined due to lack of funds for investments (Stokes and Wilson, 2010). One of the factors that limited the ability of SMEs to access credit during the recession was the tight credit controls. The government efforts to control the level of money supply lead to high interest rates. Banks had to raise their lending rates and tighten their credit policies to comply with government regulations. Consequently, the SMEs that could not meet these new credit terms could not access funds from banks to finance their operations. SMEs were more vulnerable to the negative effects of the recession of business operations compared to large firms. This is because SMEs lack resource and market manpower to withstand sudden environmental chan ges. The changes in the global economic environment brought about by the 2008 recession had severe effects on SMEs especially on the young and new business (Stokes and Wilson, 2010). The 2008 recession forced organisations to lay off many employees to survive. The level of production reduced and layoffs were used as a way of reducing the cost of production. SMEs were not spared from this move and they too had to lay off a significant number of their employees. This means that they would later incur additional labour costs of recruiting and training new employees after the economic recovery. The performance of SMEs in terms of output production and revenues was severely affected during the recession. The effects on performance were more severe in high risk SMEs relative to low risk SMEs. High risk organisations tend to have high debt to assets ratios. These organisations were forced to take drastic measures of laying off their employees and reducing the dividends paid to shareholders (Stokes and Wilson, 2010; Richard 2011). The profitability of SMEs reduced during the recession and the level of competition increased as well. The demand for products was low and thus, firms intensified their marketing activities to attract customers. However, the effectiveness of the marketing strategies was limited by the reducing purchasing power of the consumers during the recession. The SMEs across Europe faced excessive regulations administration, lack of skilled human resources and high costs of productions (Richard 2011). Question 2: Reasons why small firms dominate some market structures There are many theories that explain why small firms dominate certain market structure. The technical efficiency theory argues that the existence of small firms in a certain market will depend on economies of scale. Industries with large economies of scale compared to the market size tend to have many small firms and a few large firms that control the market. However, the number of small firms in such markets may increase if the concentration ratios and the economies of decline. The size of a market or its geographical distance has an effect on its composition. A large geographical distance will results in high transportation costs for large firms. Such a market will also have diseconomies of scale. Consequently, there will be more small firms than large firms in the market.  

The pioneer experiences Essay Example for Free

The pioneer experiences Essay The western migration of the mid-nineteenth century was a time of uncertainty for America.   It was also a time of excitement because of the new adventures that awaited Americans.   Although western migration was difficult, many chose to undertake it because they wanted a new life, riches, and a chance to own their own land.   There was also a religious aspect, as some people moved to be missionaries to the Native Americans and to form new churches and religions. The pioneer experiences of men and women differed in several ways.    This is evidenced by the writings of Lydia Allen Rudd and Elizabeth Dixon Smith Geer.   Elizabeth talked about constant rain and carrying two children through the mud and water.   She also talked about looking for shelter for her sick husband and watching him deteriorate.   She also writes about how the children had great responsibilities such as driving cattle and oxen. Elizabeth talks incessantly of the impossibility of cooking or staying warm and dry.   Much of this has to do with when she and her family chose to travel.   She also writes that with her husband ill, â€Å"the whole care of everything falls upon [her] shoulders (Geer 1847).† This contrasts sharply with Lydia Allen Rudd.   Though in her account there is rain, she remains upbeat, sharing the soaring vistas and her experiences with the Native Americans.   All is not grand, however.   She speaks of seeing the graves of men and women having died of measles and cholera.   Her diary tells of reaching Salem, Oregon, and also Burlington.   There, they are successful in finding both employment and housing for the winter (1852). Men, on the other hand, saw much more violence in their lives.   In looking at Edward Gould Buffum’s account of life in the gold mines, he tells of the â€Å"trial† of five men who were consequently lashed, and three of those men who were tried for attempted murder and robbery.   A jury found the men guilty. Buffum notes that â€Å"the charges against them were well substantiated, but amounted to nothing more than an attempt at robbery and murder; no overt act being even alleged (1850).†Ã‚   The sentence was death by hanging, and they were hanged that very day.   Such was frontier justice.   Buffum even protested against the mens’ death sentence, but stopped when the mob threatened to hang him. Government played a huge role in encouraging and supporting westward migration.   This was accomplished by the Homestead Act of 1862.   It took affect on the first of January of 1863.   It gave anyone twenty one or older who is a citizen or intended to become a citizen, and â€Å"who had never borne arms against the United States Government or given aid and comfort to its enemies† entitlement to land at $1.25 per acre, so long as the claim did not exceed a hundred sixty acres. The only thing the person had to do was swear out an affidavit that they were the head of household, or is twenty one, or given service in the US armed forces, never borne arms against the US and never given aid or comfort to its enemies.   The person also had to hold the land for five years. The idea of Manifest Destiny fit in well with the actual experiences of the pioneers.   Though the road was tough, the rewards were great, as many people made their fortunes in the west.   Manifest Destiny, or the idea that America had a God-given right to all of North America did fit in well with the actual experiences of the pioneers.   It did not, however, respect the culture of the Native Americans.   Native Americans were forced to move from ancestral lands, and some began to assimilate.   This was largely due to the amount of missionaries that moved from the east to Oregon. Their goal was to â€Å"civilize† the â€Å"savage† Native Americans.There was, however, a place where the Americans and the Native Americans came together without argument.   That place was called Middle Ground.   It was a place where Native Americans and Americans came together for trade.   Manifest Destiny also affected communications.   Mail traveled over a route known as the Butterfield Trail. This trail between Saint Louis and SanFrancisco took two weeks for mail to travel it.   This helped to foster the development of the Pony Express.   It ran for eighteen months and used relays of young riders to move mail slightly faster than traditional mail.   Many went to Oregon and California to seek their fortunes and establish new lives. Sometimes, this involved religious differences.   The Mormons for example, moved because they were not accepted in either New York or Illinois.   In the two female accounts that were discussed, the women moved with their families to seek a new life in Oregon.   In the account of Edward Gould Buffum, he had spent six months in the California gold mines. Even Horace Greely got into the idea of Manifest Destiny, advocating for a transcontinental railroad as a way to facilitate communication and transportation to the new territories.   He also talks about the need for education and â€Å"virtuous women (Greely, 1860).†    Additionally, he discusses the need for the families of the men in California to have their families.   He feels settlement would again be facilitated by a transcontinental railroad.   Families would move with their men, and more families would be willing to move out west on the comfort of the trains, rather than take the wagon trains through the uncertain weather.   The growth of towns showed that people were taking the idea of Manifest Destiny seriously.   The mass migration of immigrants to California numbered 80,000, and the city of San Francisco grew from 848 to an astonishing 60,000. The pioneer experiences and Manifest Destiny walked hand in hand through history.   Manifest Destiny’s goal of taking over the continent combined with the curiosity of the American Pioneer.   Their experiences helped forever shape the new America.   The United States Government helped by passing the Homestead Act, which encouraged people to settle in the new territories.   Though their experiences were different, collectively, men and women helped shape a new America full of new challenges and new rewards. Bibliography 37th Congress, Homestead Act of 1862. 1862.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3125072- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Bauer, William J.. Dismantling Indian Country in the Nineteenth Century. History: Reviews of New Books 36, no. 2 (2008): 49-52. Buffum, Edward. Six Months in the Gold Mines. 1850.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124634- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Geer, Elizabeth. Journal. 1847. 1848.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124638- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Graulich, Melody. Review of West of Emerson: The Design of Manifest Destiny. Amercan   Literature 76, no. 3 (2004): 617-619. Greely, Horace. An Overland Journey. 1860.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124701- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). OSullivan, John. The Great Nation of Futurity. http://wpscms.pearsoncmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124755- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Rudd, Lydia. Diary of Westward Travel 1852. 1852.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124798- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009).

Race And Class Structure Of South Africa Sociology Essay

Race And Class Structure Of South Africa Sociology Essay The issue of race which sometimes could be looked on as ethnicity has habitually been a very debatable issue among scholars, researchers and some scientists. Closely linked with this is the controversy surrounding the issue of identity which has been the cause of war and some other similar problems in the past; the result of which is evident in todays multicultural and multi-ethnic societies. In some parts of the world, it is usually difficult to classify a particular group of people or tie them down under a specific identity. In many cases, identities are usually sometimes related to position or hierarchy which can be linked to classification in terms of high, middle, low; in some other cases however, this classification which may be seen in different perspective, could be broad such as rich and poor categories. Racial and ethnic classifications have led to the concept of `ethclass ´ with the help of which alternatives in group identification can be understood across all classes a nd ethnic groups which is illustrated in the classification rendered above. The discussion on race and class which has been up for many years and is still going on among researchers and students can be seen as the descriptions of history of different people in a particular area and misconception about race are no less prevalent now than they were many years ago. Stephen stated that from an evolutionary standpoint it was evident that the race relation cycle was a universal phenomenon (Steinberg, 2001:2). The issue of race and class is an issue that has brought forward conflict, discrimination and many more that has happened in so many countries. In Burundi, it is the discrimination or classification between the Hutus and the Tutsis; in America, the classification of black Americans and the white Americans and some other classification included in America due to multiculturalism. In Germany, it is the classification between the Jews, Turks and the typical Germans; and in South Africa, it is the classification and discrimination between the blacks and the white South Africans. If we take the case of the Americans, it is seen that many people who are born in the USA and automatically are US citizens are still segregated from those who believe they are the main citizen of the country due to history, progeny and lineage. Race creates a  ´group` only when it is subjectively perceived as a common trait (Weber, 1922:52). These implies that in the US, it is glaring that race is nothing new to majority of the Americans it is normal to them and should be practiced and showed through an attitude or behaviour towards who they do not like by way of segregation. Weber make a claim that, the fact that several million mulattoes (a person with one black parent and one white parent) in the United States speaks clearly opposed to the assumption of happenings between people of different races antipathy, even among quite different races (ibid, 1922: 53). The explanation of the problems caused by race and class above will lead me to my point of departure and the focus of my paper on the issue of race and class structure in South Africa Race and Class Structure in South Africa The subject of the place and role of race, class and ethnicity has been at the focus of discussion and deliberation about the character of the South African problem and the strategies necessary to solve it (Nengwekhulu, p.29). South Africa being an African country is known to be a black country, which the majority of its population should also be black and so it should be for the majority of the workers, non workers and probably the farmers because Africa is generally known to be an agrarian continent. Therefore we can find several people being farmers at the subsistence level. In the aftermath of South Africas 1948 elections, as the Afrikaners who are the white minority in SA, National Party (NP) began enforcing its apartheid policies on the majority who are the blacks in SA. Inspired by religious mythology and legitimized by the Dutch Reformed Churches, Afrikaner nationalism controlled the State or the country of South Africa. These minority non-black rulers made and enforce series of rules that dichotomized the bi-racial South African ethnic landscape. These rules involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against non-whites are collective called apartheid. During the regime of apartheid, there were a lot of discrimination, using race and class structure as tools of oppression and segregation. Part of the discrimination is racial classification, racial domination and profiling between the white and black and not leaving out the rich and poor. The white are classified as the rich and the higher class people while blacks are seen as the lower class people and segregated from the whites. During the apartheid regime, the blacks were segregated from the white in terms of where they live and where they can live, the kind of work they can do. The ethnic blacks and the white rulers cannot intermarry; they can only associate in well defined and highly limited scenarios or circumstances. The whites are eligible to do only the high paying and mostly offici al and profitable duties while the blacks are limited to those works that are naturally difficult and with unprofitable and low incomes such as mining and subsistence farming. In a clear statement, the blacks became aliens in their own country as a result of the apartheid revolution. With respect to racial equality, contrary to initial assumptions, inter-race income disparity remains a greater determinant of inequality than intra-race differences. In other words, the aggregate difference between White and non-White, incomes is the dominant reason for South Africas extraordinarily high Gini coefficient (Zain et al, 2009:7). Couple with the quote above, it is noted that the white (Afrikaners) ruled with apartheid revolution from 1961 to 1989 with the National Party (NP) before the African National Congress took over. In a nutshell, it is worthy to note that before the advent of the apartheid regime in 1948, people of South Africa including the white settlers lived in harmony. There were the normal happenings between members of the same group, country or organization and tribal warfare which is similar to those that happens in many other countries of the world but 1948 proved to be a pivotal point in the history of South Africa whereby the white minorities, mainly the descendants of the anglo-dutch people that have been ruling since the 18th century decided to introduce laws that favours ethnic segregation, discrimination, racial classification, racial domination and profiling and the general introduction of class structure. The foregoing led Nengwekhulu to observe that the white racism and the articulation of racial consciousness by blacks cannot therefore just be ignored on the basis that they are expression of false consciousness and epiphenomena of the economic base (Nengwekhulu, p.29). The sc heme of grand apartheid, which begun at that time and lead to the delineated separate schooling, jobs, pay and places to live, and deprived most black Africans of citizenship in South Africa. Forgetting the fact that Africans has the massive and growing majority in South Africa, while whites are the minority; national liberation there would mean a profound change in who ruled. Nengwekhulu, in his article, explain further in the problems faced by the South African people with the illustration that South African situation and in formulating strategies for the elimination of black domination and exploitation whilst according to both race and ethnicity a place and role in this analysis and formulation of a strategy for black liberation and for social change (ibid, p.30). In other words, we can say the matter of race, class and ethnicity is not only of crucial theoretical but it is also a matter of powerful political significance for it is on the basis of the resolution of this question that the proper ground work can be laid not only for political strategies for the struggle against black exploitation but also for the construction of a future South Africa. Race discrimination, prejudice and ideology in South Africa are therefore not what happens or what people do without trying to change anything or oppose them in fundamentals of whose existence is determined automatically. They are however social matter which is not fully understood with a relative autonomy. For this reason, race discrimination and prejudice has always existed between the blacks and white and the colours in South Africa now they interact with each other while maintaining their identities. The incidence of apartheid in South Africa from 1948 to 1994 could be linked in retrospect to a form of social misnomer that is opposed to the classical form of Marxism. Marxism is based upon a materialist interpretation of history. Taking the idea that social change occurs because of the struggle between differ ent classes and races within society who are under contradiction of one against the other. The Marxist analysis leads to the conclusion that capitalism, the currently dominant form of economic management, leads to the oppression of the proletariat as in the case of the South African apartheid era, who not only make up the majority of the worlds populace but who also spend their lives working for the benefit of the bourgeoisie, or the wealthy ruling class in society. From the foregoing, I will attempt to explore the Marxist ideals and how it could be extended to explain the socio-economic dis-enfranchisation of the black majority as it happened in the apartheid in South Africa. Marxism The Marxist vision of society and history was presented in the 1848 Communist Manifesto in dramatic narrative form, sketching out the rise of capitalism and bourgeois society and its revolutionary overthrow by the industrial proletariat (Harrington, 2005:154). According to Karl Marx, Marxism is as a philosophy of history couple with an economic doctrine. He further explains Marxism also as a theory of revolution and the basic explanation for how societies go through the process of change (Marx, p: 2). He explains his idea by using two basics of ideas that is in demonstrating and explaining his idea of Marxism which they are MATERIALISM and CLASS STRUGGLE. By Materialism of Marxism, Marx aimed that the engine that drives society is the economy. Economic forces are more complex and pervasive than we thinkà Ã‚ ¾ According to Marx, they even determine how we think: Consciousness is from the very beginning a social product (Mazlish, 1984, p. 94). That is, the way at which people incorpo rate there things in when we talk about human material life shapes every part of humans life including the most important aspects that could include general character of the societal, community, public, political, and spiritual or religious practice of life. This could also be that it does not have to be that the well being of human that can prove the fact of their state of being but having in mind that the social life of human can also be a determinant in their consciousness. By Class Struggle which is the idea that is applicable to the problem of class structure in South Africa. Marxist analysis takes historical materialism a step further. All of human history can be explained and predicted by the competition between antagonistic economic classes, or as Marx put it, The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. In political terms, this means that the social classes are competing in essence for control of the state-or, as Marxists would put it: the class that controls the Mode of Production also controls the State (Marx, 1818-1883,p: 4). The existence of class struggle that brought about the Marxist idea is applicable to the situation of South Africa because South Africa in the time of the apartheid government or ruler was one of the most hideously racist administrations during the time of twentieth century, a very obvious case of the bourgeois ruling class oppressing the majority proletariats (Zain, 2009:8). This struggle lead to the idea that social change occur due to class and race problem of discrimination between white and black South Africans. The existence of class struggle which is one of the basic tenets of Marxism as clearly evident in the case of South Africa sought to overcome the dogma and reductionism of Stalinism and Trotskyism, to engage with history as a living process rather than a mechanical formula, to found a historical consciousness linking local struggles to global processes, and implant itself in a working-class movement which sought to control its own destiny, openly and democratically, rather than submitting to the authority of nationalism or pseudo-science (Nash, 1999:66). In other words, it can also be noted that the regime of the apartheid in South Africa in the 1970s can be seen as Western Marxism as portrayed in Douglas Kellner article. In terms of the Western Marxism, South Africa started with the recognition in the midst of white students that are not among the social force that could bring about innovative change into the country South Africa. In a global context, this generation of South Africa n Marxists played a vital role in interpreting for the Western left, in the terms of their own thought, a struggle which had come to be crucial to the whole history of our time (ibid: 1999:66, quoted in Sweezy and Magdoff, 1986). In the analysis of Marx and Engels who are the author of Marxism, cultural ideas of a period serve is always to the comfort of the ruling class, providing ideologies that justifiable the domination of class. They make analysis of Ideology clarifying it as a critical term for Marxian that describes how dominant ideas of a ruling class promote the interests of that class and help mask oppression, injustices, and negative aspects of the specific culture, society or country. The introduction of the apartheid in South Africa includes the above mentioned in the case whereby most of the blacks were separated from the white. The blacks South Africans were leaving in a place where they can be classified as the lower class group and the white due to the kind of job a nd the place they live are seen as the high class and that is what the system of the apartheid illustrate segregation. At every situation in South Africa, white students or the white ethnic group were in a lot of ways allowed to their opinions and decisions on their own different individualities, with limitation that could do as ethical individuals that has no living history of struggle to be identified with, which includes the relationship to their history. Marxism as the political and economic theories of Karl Marx during the 1818 1883 that should give details of the changes, alterations, modifications and developments in a particular society or country that is implanted by implementing socialism. The implementation of socialism was supposed to be based on the belief that everyone has the same equal right in a countrys at which the government would have to own and control the main industries and not by private settings. But in the case of South Africa, the ruling system by the apartheid regime was not for equal right or for the development of the changes that were altered, but it brought differences between the black and the white which could be seen as racial dominant in South Africa. In other words, instead of the implementation of socialism, the case of South Africa led to capitalism. That is, instead of equal right as socialism represent; it was a system at which South Africa countrys businesses and industry are controlled and run for profit by private owners (the Afrikaners (whites)) which means I am not free to be open to the other as a person. I have to manipulate the other in such a way as to obtain things. And to manipulate the other I have to manipulate myself (Wolpe, 1980:21). In other words, capitalism did not basically take advantage of human beings whose underlying identity or personality was left otherwise indifferent by their experience of class mismanagement. The regime of apartheid which is that practices of Capitalism in South African can be viewed as the focused and attention to the relationship between the countrys economy and its polity, specifically on the relationship between class and race to build differences, racial capitalism and segregation between the working class people and the lower class people and South Africa being an Africa and a black country at large which was ruled by the white government who came up with the system of apartheid which was viewed as racial domination. Thus, the Marxism ideology is used to analyze the situation that occurred in the 1970s to 1980s till the end of apartheid in 1994 in South Africa. This is because when the white (the Germans, French, Irish and the British) who are known at the long run as the Afrikaners because of their way of life, and due to believes and culture and also that the Afrikaners view themselves as Africans and not as white people. They brought churches and believe into South Africa and because of the culture and believe they brought, these made the main South Africa people to believe in them and be rest assured of their words and whatever they promised of doing. Even though they are seen as the minority, they still have principal contributions to what is happening in the country and to the dos and donts in South Africa. With these minds of the Afrikaners, they created a political party that promised the people and the ethnic South Africans as a result of their trusts and basic cultural beliefs and ideol ogies allowed the white Afrikaans to have their ways. Part of the campaign during the election was the introduction of Apartheid which was introduced in 1948 to be practiced. Thereafter they implemented series of laws that promises a lot as the ideology portrays which is supposed to be for socialism but instead lead to segregation of the white and the blacks in South Africa. The idea of Marxism is to create equal right for everyone in the country while the government alone rule the country at which the Marxist theory is implemented. On the contrary in an unfortunate manner, most of the countries at which the Marxist theory was implemented did not survive with the Marxist theory due to the wrong implementation of the theory. The question of the place, role and relationship of race, class and ethnicity is not only of crucial theoretical significance but it is also a matter of powerful political significance (Nengwekhulu, p: 30). The white South Africas used the apartheid and the imple mentation of Marxism which they promised during the campaigns to acquire economic advantages and these economic advantages they never want to lose for any reason because it is of a great impact to their racist regime. A similar occurrence in some other countries has led to serious outcomes. If we take the case in France during the 18th century, the practices of oppression lead to war between the bourgeois and the proletariats. In their case, the bourgeois are the upper class people, the ruling class, and wealthy people while the proletariats are the working class people. Therefore because the bourgeois are the ruling class, they believe in power and used their power in differentiation and segregation between the working and the ruling class which later lead to war. As a result of these in South Africa, equal right as the theory portrays, the white goes to different schools, live in a separate environment, work in separate place and they have no say in what is going on within the cou ntry. The apartheid government isolate and keep apart the education, health care, and other community services, thereby make available black people with lower services compare to those of white people. Apartheid and the non-implementation of the true tenets of Marxism, led to deep class division between races and classes in South Africa failed because theirs was an oppressive form of government that put class wedges between different races and classes in the country. The race, class and separation of the white from the black in South Africa eventually lead to the struggle of class and race structure. In the manner, the black South Africans struggle for their race and class. The black South Africans during the racist regime in the 1970s to the 1980s which was the apartheid regime, after being promised a lot but instead was initiated with differences, maltreatment and segregation lost trust in the National Party (NP) people and had to struggle for their right which is equal right for everyone. In other words, non implementation of the true ideals of Marxism led to deep divide between the races and classes of people in South Africa. Nowadays, since 1994 onwards, we have a succession of governments that tries to practice equality among the disparate genders and classes of South Africa. The issue of racial discrimination and ethno-centric profiling has been reduced to the barest minimum. People are no longer hounded or massacred when they demand for their rights under the ethics citizenship as opposed to what happened in the Sharpeville massacre of the 1950s. Although we still have to a quite subliminal level the issue of class relating to the economic situa tions of the different classes of South Africans but the same is what is happening in many other countries that practices loose form of Marxism laced with high doses of Socialism such as the case of South Africa. It still remains a highly agrarian country but in the general case, it is no longer at the subsistence level. The proletariats that are majorly involved in the mining business now have a satisfying sense of belonging. Racial desegregation of South Africa has brought about mutual economic emancipation to the hitherto different classes of people as people that use to initially feel disenfranchised in their homeland now seems to have enhanced sense of belonging. The country still have its normal problem of crime, intrinsic economic instabilities, manipulation of governmental policies and general increased in awareness among the populace of the lassitude of their economic drive, but the same trend is being witnessed in several other developing countries that are middle ranked in the committee of nations such as South Africa. No longer do we have issues that relate to economic listlessness provoked by racial disparities and ethnic discrimination. South Africa in subsequent years as a country is still trying to dissociate from the lethargy and scariness harbingered by the Apartheid era but we now have in the country peace occasioned by sense of belonging. The general feelings in South Africa now are revealed through one of the speeches of Nelson Mandela after voting in the first South African democratic election and took the office in 1994, which initiates a new regime. Now we moved from a regime of doubt, separation, limited opportunities, disorder and conflict. In other word, a new era is starting to give hope, resolution and to build the nation. Thus a genuinely cast of voter results will give prospect to all the South Africans and make them realize the country is theirs and they are one nation. The speech thus goes that the fundamental requirements of majority of the citizens will be talked, such as the provision for employment, accommodation, and the initiation of power supply. Including the constructions of schools and hospitals, providing free, compulsory quality education, running water, paved roads (Natal, 1994) stating that these are their main concern which includes the minorities the white (Afrikaners). He made clear citizens should have confidence also that there would be security to those who are bothered that by these transformations and revolutions, which might not be of benefit or improvement to them. I again repeat that I have throughout my life as I pointed out in the Rivonia Trial: I have fought very firmly against white domination. I have fought very firmly against black domination. I cherish the idea of a new South Africa where all South Africans are equal and work together to bring about security, peace and democracy in our country. I sincerely hope that the mass media will use its powerful position to ensure that democracy is installed in this country (ibid: 1994). Since this historic speech at Inanda, Kwazulu Natal in April 1994, South Africa has continued to grow in leaps and bounds albeit with the normal problems that a budding and truly developing country might experience. From the foregoing, it could be inferred that any country that intermarry the basic tenets of the proletariat Marxism with democratic ideals may very well reap the benefits. However, the practices of these ideals must be in sync with true respect for the basic and fundamental rights of the citizenry. No nation may be able to move forwards if these ideals are violated. In many other countries of the world such as Iran in 1979, Russia in 1917 and France in 1789-1799, ruler ships by potentates and maximum rulers were done away with due to their well documented lack of care for the needs of the proletariats and the masses in their charge. In these countries, the initial deep chasm between the rulers and the proletariats were very well abridged due to introduction of class and ethnic declassification. So also in South Africa, the gain of racial declassification since 1994 and the introduction of almost a classless society is still unfolding and times will be able to show if truly the new trend could be maintained well into the future and if it will truly continue to benefit the entire people of South Africa.

Media Advertising and Sex Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Advertisements are everywhere, combining images and words together to create a message to sell a product. The initial impression is that the advertisers are just trying to sell their products, but there often seems to be an underlying message. It is often heard that â€Å"sex sells.† So, many advertisers will use beautiful women and men in their advertisements to try to market a product. The hope is that â€Å"sex will sell,† and people will go out and buy what the ads are selling. There are many advertisements and commercials that use this approach. Prime examples of this are the advertisements for Orbit Gum and A Diamond is Forever. Also, the commercials for Levi jeans use sex to promote the sale of their brand. As a way to explain how and why the media uses â€Å"sex to sell,† many articles have been written concerning this. For instance, â€Å"Sex as Symbol in Fashion Advertising† by Arthur Asa Berger talks about the sexual undertones us ed in ads as a way to sell products. Similarly, Jean Kilbourne’s â€Å"Beauty†¦and the Beast of Advertising† discusses the portrayal of women in advertisements as sex objects. Finally, â€Å"Analyzing Signs and Sign Systems† by Arthur Asa Berger offers ways to analyze advertisements and their use of sex. No matter what the advertisement is for; although it may seem that an advertiser is only trying to sell a product, the ways the advertisements are presented often have a hidden meaning. For example, in the ads for A Diamond is Forever; although, the company is selling engagement rings, it portrays a couple in a sensual pose. In the ad, it looks as though they are naked. The man is bending over the woman with his hands creating the shape of an oval around her. Their faces are touching, and ... ...or a better lover if their products are used. With so many different advertisements out there, watch out for many ways that sex is being used to deceive people into buying products that cannot fulfill all the promises in the ads. Works Cited Berger, Arthur Asa. â€Å"Analyzing Signs and Sign Systems.† Reading Culture. 4th ed. Ed. Diana George and John Trimbur. New York: Longman, 2001. 192-193. - - -. â€Å"Sex as Symbol in Fashion Advertising.† Reading Culture. 4th ed. Ed. Diana George and John Trimbur. New York: Longman, 2001. 186-191. A Diamond is Forever. â€Å"Advertisement.† People. Aug. 2003: 64. Kilbourne, Jean. â€Å"Beauty†¦and the Beast of Advertising.† Reading Culture. 4th ed. Ed. Diana George and John Trimbur. New York: Longman, 2001. 193-196. Levi Jeans. ABC. Ch. 7. June 2002. Orbit Gum. â€Å"Advertisement.† People Aug. 2003: 72.

Flannery OConnors Revelation :: Flannery OConnor Revelation

Flannery O'Connor's background influenced her to write the short story â€Å"Revelation†. One important influence on the story is her Southern upbringing. During her lifetime, Southerners were very prejudiced towards people of other races and lifestyles. They believed that people who were less fortunate were inferior to them; therefore, people were labeled as different things and placed into different social classes. The South provided O'Connor with the images she needed for her characters. This can easily be identified in her short story â€Å"Revelation.† The characters in the story are identified by physical characteristics and some are even identified with racial terms. The main character in the story is actually prejudiced and makes many statements using racial jargon. For example, Mrs. Turpin, the main character, refers to the higher class woman as â€Å"well-dressed and pleasant†. She also labels the teenage girl as â€Å"ugly† and the poor woman as â€Å"white-trashy†. When Mrs. Turpin converses with her black workers, she often uses the word â€Å"nigger† in her thoughts. These characteristics she gives her characters definitely reveals the Southern lifestyle which the author, Flannery O'Connor, was a part of. In addition to her Southern upbringing, another influence on the story is Flannery O'Connor's illness. She battled with the lupus disease which has caused her to use a degree of violence and anger to make her stories somewhat unhappy. The illness caused a sadness inside of Flannery O'Connor, and that inner sadness flowed from her body to her paper through her pen. Although she was sick, O'Connor still felt proud to be who she was. By comparison, Mrs. Turpin in â€Å" Revelation† has a good disposition about herself. She is far from perfect, yet she is happy to be who she is. Perhaps the most important influence on the story is religion. O'Connor was not only influenced by her own Catholic heritage but by others as well. Like the other writers from France and England, she is curious about the actuality of sin and the effect that it has on the presence of mankind. Her stories and every characteristic about them was Flannery O'Connor's way of showing reality and qualities that are determiners of fate and destiny. No matter which path her stories took her readers, they mostly ended up finding social truth. This background, together with a believable plot, convincing characterization, and important literary devices enables Flannery O'Connor in â€Å"Revelation† to develop the theme that sometimes people must look farther than the surface in order to understand the actions of others.

Marketing Campaign

Nicole Abeyta Marketing Project Professor Liz Thomas-Hensley Marketing in the 21st Century February 11, 2013 Abeyta 1 Executive Summary: Stephanie Abeyta is an up and coming cosmetologist, she loves art and she expresses it through a variety of creative techniques. Stephanie wants to create trendy looks through hair, makeup, and nail design that will meet the needs of all her customers. Mission: Evolve infinitely in peace, beauty, and Happiness Vision: †¢ Build a mass clientele base †¢Create Art †¢Meet the needs of clients Promoting a variety of beauty techniques †¢Linking with the business community of fashion, weddings and formal events †¢ Promoting stylish trends †¢Anticipating trends in the fashion world †¢Advancing lifelong relationships †¢Respecting the diversity of clients Abeyta 2 Goals: Stephanie’s goal as a cosmetologist is to create beauty, and create magic. Stephanie wants the world to be a happier, beautiful place!! At times she would like to be living in L. A. as Chelsea Handlers personal makeup artist, or doing hair and makeup for fashion shows.She would also love to own her own salon, maybe design a small clothing line and own a boutique connected to the salon. She would like to have a successful business where her friends and family can work with her, and help her run it. There are many paths that Stephanie would like to take to build her career. The clearest vision she has for herself is to live a happy, inspired life. Stephanie is an artist, and people are her canvas. Giving a beautiful new haircut, a dazzling new color, or something outrageous for a high fashion photo shoot is how she creates art.This art she creates is beautiful, and spread worldwide by others just like her. She wants to spread beauty and therefore make people happy. History: It started with a braid, a french braid or a cornrow. Blue eye shadow and pink blush, oh yeah, it started at a young age. Paint brushes, water color, sket ch pads, oh yeah, it started at a young age. Art wasn't something she became interested in; it was something that ran through her veins. She was born to create are. She explored many artistic avenues; drawing, painting, nail art, writing, make-up, but it always came back to beauty.Why not create art with hair and makeup? Stephanie tried to major in psychology, English, media, but it wasn’t until she took her tour at Paul Mitchell the School that she knew that's where she belonged. She felt at home, and at that point she knew cosmetology was something she was born to do! Abeyta 3 Services Provided: Hair: †¢Color †¢Cutting †¢Styling †¢Texture (Perms & Relaxers) Nails: †¢Manicures †¢Pedicures †¢Silk Wraps †¢Acrylic †¢Nail Design (Free Hand) Spa: †¢Facials †¢Waxing Makeup: * Makeup Application Abeyta 4 Competitors: †¢Fellow Students †¢Working Professionals (Cosmetologists)Demographics: †¢General Public †¢F ashion Industry †¢People in Formal Events Current Presence in the Market: Currently there is not a strong presence of Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity of cosmetology in the social media market. Currently Stephanie is working on a professional Facebook page showcasing the work she has done thus far. Also Stephanie is working on tutorials for nails and makeup techniques to post on YouTube. SWOT Analysis Strengths: †¢Plenty of room to grow †¢Special niche with makeup and nails †¢Creative Abeyta 5 Weaknesses: †¢No social media †¢No time for social media Current clients don't have knowledge about services †¢Basic knowledge of social media Opportunities: †¢Exponential amount of room to grow †¢Stronger interactive presence †¢Stronger physical presence †¢Promotion of self †¢Promotion of creativity †¢Brand Building †¢Client Building Threats: †¢Fellow Students †¢Working Professionals (Cosmetologists) Abeyta 6 How Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity of cosmetology’s social media strategy fits into her overall marketing strategy: Stephanie is well aware that having a social media strategy is detrimental to her overall marketing strategy.Having a strong presence in the social media market, she will have knowledge gained and the view of benefits of utilizing interactive marketing techniques to promote her brand to exciting levels of high rates of returns on investment. Utilizing these interactive marketing techniques successfully will bring high volume of clientele, creating art and evolve infinitely in peace, beauty and happiness. Ultimately reaching the goals of the marketing strategy set forth for her individual entity as a Cosmetologist. Interview:Stephanie Abeyta, cosmetologist, was generous enough to provide time and valuable insight on the multiplicities and complexities that promote the utilization of interactive marketing within her individual entity. Overall logistics is th e driving and controlling entity to where Stephanie establishes her plan of action of whether or not to design and construct a social media presence or not. The interview with Stephanie Abeyta was quite beneficial on the direction of where and how social media will be implemented with her individual entity.Following is a transcript of the interview I had with Stephanie Abeyta. Abeyta 7 What are your thoughts on social media and its role in Cosmetology? â€Å"I believe it plays a big role in cosmetology because hair, makeup, and nail photos are all shared on pintrest, Facebook and other social media platforms. Sharing photos is a great way to get my creative work showcased†. Do you believe having a strong presence in the social media market will help gain clientele? â€Å"Yes, I believe more people will see what my capabilities are in regards to hair, nails, and makeup. The more people see my work the better chance of hem becoming potential clients†. What is social medi a to you and your individual entity? â€Å"Social media means exposure of my art and my brand. I believe this will ultimately lead to my goal of building a clientele base†. How does social media work, in recruiting clientele? â€Å"People will share my work on all social media platforms and hopefully that will bring potential clients in. if I get clients to like my work they will spread the word to their friends and family†. Abeyta 8 What kind of presence does your individual entity have in the social media market right now? As of right now, I have no forms of social media up, but I am currently working on a professional Facebook that will showcase the work I have done thus far. I am also working on tutorials that will teach interested individuals how to get certain looks with hair, nails, and makeup and I will be posting these tutorials on YouTube†. Identification of the â€Å"Why, How, and What's behind the product or service. Why? – Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity as of right now does not have a strong presence in the social media market.With our marketing strategy objectives we would like to build brand awareness and build clientele for Stephanie's individual entity. We would also like to build a strong presence in the social media market. This will generate an increase in clientele base as well as an increase of awareness of Stephanie's brand. How? – In order to build brand awareness, clientele and a strong presence in the social media market we will use many strategies incorporating a wide array of social media tools to promote and inform current and future clients.Our marketing strategy tools, includes the use of all social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and a personal website for Stephanie Abeyta. We plan to reach out to current and future clients by making it an interactive platform for all to use. Abeyta 9 What? – Using all social media platforms, we intend to strengthen the overall b rand of Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity of cosmetology and emerge into the social media market with a special niche that will give this entity the competitive advantage over all other competitors. Identification of Marketing Objectives:Marketing Objectives: †¢Build brand awareness of individual entity †¢Build a strong presence in the social media market †¢Increase volume of clientele base Metrics for Success: †¢Facebook views and followers †¢Twitter followers †¢YouTube views and followers †¢Views of personal website †¢Increase of clientele (by # visits) Abeyta 10 In order to see how successful our marketing objectives are in this advertising campaign to build brand awareness and clientele of Stephanie's individual entity we will use Facebook, Twitter and YouTube views, likes, and followers.We intend to have a least 1,000 followers, likes and views the first year of this campaign to deem our advertising campaign as successful. We will also look at the percentages of visits in the salon, retention and the number of clients who return and compare to the beginning months of this campaign to see if our ROI in this advertising campaign is successful. With using all these metrics for success we hope to achieve a qualitative brand experience that is informing to current and future clients about all services and products Stephanie has to offer.In the current marketing environment that is surrounded by social media, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, are the new ways of reaching out to clients. Our social media campaign is not only used to approach clients, but to create a buzz and engagement for current and potential clients. Facebook- Facebook is the most popular social media method as of today. This would be our primary method of reaching out to our target market because so many people are already familiar with this site. Stephanie's individual entity will utilize Facebook's timeline to generate client involvement. Clients wil l be chosen t random and appear as the timeline photo as style of the week. Facebook will also be used to showcase the capabilities of what Stephanie can do as hair, makeup and nails. We will also encourage clients to check in on Facebook so it will show up on their news feed and their friends will start to recognize Stephanie's creative work. Abeyta 11 An example of a Facebook post: â€Å"Check out new spring trends for hair, nails, makeup every Wednesday!!! † Twitter- This form of social networking is not the largest or the favorite; however, it is growing and has opportunity. The hash tag is an easy way for people to talk about the same subject.Stephanie will use this hash tag and connect with individuals who enjoy great deals at a salon. The clients that view this hash tag will be introduced to deals and coupons to use with their visit to the salon. An example of a Tweet would be: â€Å"Two for one special cut and color all week staring February 6th-14th. Bring promotion al code FEB13 to salon!!! #ValentineDeal#Stephanie Abeyta YouTube- A social networking site that is informative and entertaining. Stephanie will use YouTube as a platform to create tutorials that will teach interested individuals how to get certain looks from hair, nails, and makeup that are trending.First tutorial on updos coming soon! The knowledge gained and experience established throughout building this advertising campaign has been beneficial for both me and Stephanie. It is evident that interactive marketing techniques utilized in various industries can catapult promotion of brands and services to exciting levels of high rates on returns on investment. The denial of social media on industries can be a detriment in substance of competitiveness with rivals and prospects. Marketing Campaign Nicole Abeyta Marketing Project Professor Liz Thomas-Hensley Marketing in the 21st Century February 11, 2013 Abeyta 1 Executive Summary: Stephanie Abeyta is an up and coming cosmetologist, she loves art and she expresses it through a variety of creative techniques. Stephanie wants to create trendy looks through hair, makeup, and nail design that will meet the needs of all her customers. Mission: Evolve infinitely in peace, beauty, and Happiness Vision: †¢ Build a mass clientele base †¢Create Art †¢Meet the needs of clients Promoting a variety of beauty techniques †¢Linking with the business community of fashion, weddings and formal events †¢ Promoting stylish trends †¢Anticipating trends in the fashion world †¢Advancing lifelong relationships †¢Respecting the diversity of clients Abeyta 2 Goals: Stephanie’s goal as a cosmetologist is to create beauty, and create magic. Stephanie wants the world to be a happier, beautiful place!! At times she would like to be living in L. A. as Chelsea Handlers personal makeup artist, or doing hair and makeup for fashion shows.She would also love to own her own salon, maybe design a small clothing line and own a boutique connected to the salon. She would like to have a successful business where her friends and family can work with her, and help her run it. There are many paths that Stephanie would like to take to build her career. The clearest vision she has for herself is to live a happy, inspired life. Stephanie is an artist, and people are her canvas. Giving a beautiful new haircut, a dazzling new color, or something outrageous for a high fashion photo shoot is how she creates art.This art she creates is beautiful, and spread worldwide by others just like her. She wants to spread beauty and therefore make people happy. History: It started with a braid, a french braid or a cornrow. Blue eye shadow and pink blush, oh yeah, it started at a young age. Paint brushes, water color, sket ch pads, oh yeah, it started at a young age. Art wasn't something she became interested in; it was something that ran through her veins. She was born to create are. She explored many artistic avenues; drawing, painting, nail art, writing, make-up, but it always came back to beauty.Why not create art with hair and makeup? Stephanie tried to major in psychology, English, media, but it wasn’t until she took her tour at Paul Mitchell the School that she knew that's where she belonged. She felt at home, and at that point she knew cosmetology was something she was born to do! Abeyta 3 Services Provided: Hair: †¢Color †¢Cutting †¢Styling †¢Texture (Perms & Relaxers) Nails: †¢Manicures †¢Pedicures †¢Silk Wraps †¢Acrylic †¢Nail Design (Free Hand) Spa: †¢Facials †¢Waxing Makeup: * Makeup Application Abeyta 4 Competitors: †¢Fellow Students †¢Working Professionals (Cosmetologists)Demographics: †¢General Public †¢F ashion Industry †¢People in Formal Events Current Presence in the Market: Currently there is not a strong presence of Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity of cosmetology in the social media market. Currently Stephanie is working on a professional Facebook page showcasing the work she has done thus far. Also Stephanie is working on tutorials for nails and makeup techniques to post on YouTube. SWOT Analysis Strengths: †¢Plenty of room to grow †¢Special niche with makeup and nails †¢Creative Abeyta 5 Weaknesses: †¢No social media †¢No time for social media Current clients don't have knowledge about services †¢Basic knowledge of social media Opportunities: †¢Exponential amount of room to grow †¢Stronger interactive presence †¢Stronger physical presence †¢Promotion of self †¢Promotion of creativity †¢Brand Building †¢Client Building Threats: †¢Fellow Students †¢Working Professionals (Cosmetologists) Abeyta 6 How Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity of cosmetology’s social media strategy fits into her overall marketing strategy: Stephanie is well aware that having a social media strategy is detrimental to her overall marketing strategy.Having a strong presence in the social media market, she will have knowledge gained and the view of benefits of utilizing interactive marketing techniques to promote her brand to exciting levels of high rates of returns on investment. Utilizing these interactive marketing techniques successfully will bring high volume of clientele, creating art and evolve infinitely in peace, beauty and happiness. Ultimately reaching the goals of the marketing strategy set forth for her individual entity as a Cosmetologist. Interview:Stephanie Abeyta, cosmetologist, was generous enough to provide time and valuable insight on the multiplicities and complexities that promote the utilization of interactive marketing within her individual entity. Overall logistics is th e driving and controlling entity to where Stephanie establishes her plan of action of whether or not to design and construct a social media presence or not. The interview with Stephanie Abeyta was quite beneficial on the direction of where and how social media will be implemented with her individual entity.Following is a transcript of the interview I had with Stephanie Abeyta. Abeyta 7 What are your thoughts on social media and its role in Cosmetology? â€Å"I believe it plays a big role in cosmetology because hair, makeup, and nail photos are all shared on pintrest, Facebook and other social media platforms. Sharing photos is a great way to get my creative work showcased†. Do you believe having a strong presence in the social media market will help gain clientele? â€Å"Yes, I believe more people will see what my capabilities are in regards to hair, nails, and makeup. The more people see my work the better chance of hem becoming potential clients†. What is social medi a to you and your individual entity? â€Å"Social media means exposure of my art and my brand. I believe this will ultimately lead to my goal of building a clientele base†. How does social media work, in recruiting clientele? â€Å"People will share my work on all social media platforms and hopefully that will bring potential clients in. if I get clients to like my work they will spread the word to their friends and family†. Abeyta 8 What kind of presence does your individual entity have in the social media market right now? As of right now, I have no forms of social media up, but I am currently working on a professional Facebook that will showcase the work I have done thus far. I am also working on tutorials that will teach interested individuals how to get certain looks with hair, nails, and makeup and I will be posting these tutorials on YouTube†. Identification of the â€Å"Why, How, and What's behind the product or service. Why? – Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity as of right now does not have a strong presence in the social media market.With our marketing strategy objectives we would like to build brand awareness and build clientele for Stephanie's individual entity. We would also like to build a strong presence in the social media market. This will generate an increase in clientele base as well as an increase of awareness of Stephanie's brand. How? – In order to build brand awareness, clientele and a strong presence in the social media market we will use many strategies incorporating a wide array of social media tools to promote and inform current and future clients.Our marketing strategy tools, includes the use of all social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and a personal website for Stephanie Abeyta. We plan to reach out to current and future clients by making it an interactive platform for all to use. Abeyta 9 What? – Using all social media platforms, we intend to strengthen the overall b rand of Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity of cosmetology and emerge into the social media market with a special niche that will give this entity the competitive advantage over all other competitors. Identification of Marketing Objectives:Marketing Objectives: †¢Build brand awareness of individual entity †¢Build a strong presence in the social media market †¢Increase volume of clientele base Metrics for Success: †¢Facebook views and followers †¢Twitter followers †¢YouTube views and followers †¢Views of personal website †¢Increase of clientele (by # visits) Abeyta 10 In order to see how successful our marketing objectives are in this advertising campaign to build brand awareness and clientele of Stephanie's individual entity we will use Facebook, Twitter and YouTube views, likes, and followers.We intend to have a least 1,000 followers, likes and views the first year of this campaign to deem our advertising campaign as successful. We will also look at the percentages of visits in the salon, retention and the number of clients who return and compare to the beginning months of this campaign to see if our ROI in this advertising campaign is successful. With using all these metrics for success we hope to achieve a qualitative brand experience that is informing to current and future clients about all services and products Stephanie has to offer.In the current marketing environment that is surrounded by social media, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, are the new ways of reaching out to clients. Our social media campaign is not only used to approach clients, but to create a buzz and engagement for current and potential clients. Facebook- Facebook is the most popular social media method as of today. This would be our primary method of reaching out to our target market because so many people are already familiar with this site. Stephanie's individual entity will utilize Facebook's timeline to generate client involvement. Clients wil l be chosen t random and appear as the timeline photo as style of the week. Facebook will also be used to showcase the capabilities of what Stephanie can do as hair, makeup and nails. We will also encourage clients to check in on Facebook so it will show up on their news feed and their friends will start to recognize Stephanie's creative work. Abeyta 11 An example of a Facebook post: â€Å"Check out new spring trends for hair, nails, makeup every Wednesday!!! † Twitter- This form of social networking is not the largest or the favorite; however, it is growing and has opportunity. The hash tag is an easy way for people to talk about the same subject.Stephanie will use this hash tag and connect with individuals who enjoy great deals at a salon. The clients that view this hash tag will be introduced to deals and coupons to use with their visit to the salon. An example of a Tweet would be: â€Å"Two for one special cut and color all week staring February 6th-14th. Bring promotion al code FEB13 to salon!!! #ValentineDeal#Stephanie Abeyta YouTube- A social networking site that is informative and entertaining. Stephanie will use YouTube as a platform to create tutorials that will teach interested individuals how to get certain looks from hair, nails, and makeup that are trending.First tutorial on updos coming soon! The knowledge gained and experience established throughout building this advertising campaign has been beneficial for both me and Stephanie. It is evident that interactive marketing techniques utilized in various industries can catapult promotion of brands and services to exciting levels of high rates on returns on investment. The denial of social media on industries can be a detriment in substance of competitiveness with rivals and prospects.